厘革端正
大大多形貌詞和副詞有比力級和最高等的厘革,即原級、比力級和最高等,用來表現事物的品級不同。原級即形貌詞的本相,比力級和最高等有端正厘革和不端正厘革兩種。
(1)單音節詞加詞尾-er,-est來構成比力級和最高等。
tall(高的) taller tallest
great(宏大的) greater greatest
(2)以不發音的e開頭的單音節詞只加-r,-st
nice(好的) nicer nicest
large(大的) larger largest
able(有才能的) abler ablest
(3)以一個輔音字母開頭的閉音節單音節詞,雙寫開頭的輔音字母,再加-er,-est
big(大的) bigger biggest
hot熱的) hotter hottest
red赤色的 redder reddest
(4)"以輔音字母+y"開頭的雙音節詞,改y為i,再加-er,-est
easy(容易的) easier easiest
busy(忙的) busier busiest
(5)以ly開頭的副詞,除early-earlier-earliest,其他都是加more most.
Slowly-more slowly-most slowly
Bravely-more bravely-most bravely
quickly-more quickly-most quickly
(6)少數以-er,-ow開頭的雙音節詞未尾加-er,-est
clever(智慧的) cleverer cleverest
narrow(窄的) narrower narrowest
(7)其他雙音節詞和多音節詞在前方加more,most來構成比力級和最高等。如:
important(緊張的) more important most important
easily(容易地) more easily most easily
(8)一些詞的比力級和最高等,可以加-er或 -est,也可以加more或most,如:clever, polite等。
(9) 不端正厘革
有一些詞的比力級、最高等厘革是不端正的,必要特別影象。如:
good / well→better→best
bad / ill/badly→worse→worst
many / much→more→most
little→less→least
far→farther→farthest(表現距離) / far→further→furthest (表現水平)
old→older / elder→oldest (表現新舊或年事) / eldest (表現兄弟姐妹之間的長幼干系)
副詞的比力級和最高等的構成端正和形貌詞比力級和最高等的構成端正一樣,所不同的是:形貌詞最高等前方必需用the,而副詞的最高等前方的the可帶可不帶。
一些詞本身沒有比力級和最高等情勢,如:right, wrong, full, empty, round, complete, wooden, dead, daily等。
long-longer-longest
young-younger-youngest
old-older/elder-oldest/eldest
short-shorter-shortest
high-higher-highest
deep-deeper-deepest
small-smaller-smallest
big-bigger-biggest
tall-taller-tallest
loud-louder-loudest
low-lower-lowest
thin-thinner-thinnest
fat-fatter-fattest
great-greater-greatest
nice-nicer-nicest
happy-happier-happiest
heavy-heavier-heaviest
cheap-cheaper-cheapest
near-nearer-nearest
clean-cleaner-cleanest
few-fewer-fewest
late-later-latest
angry-angrier-angriest
busy-busier-busiest
lazy-lazier-laziest
hot-hotter-hottest
glad-gladder-gladdest
clear-clearer-clearest
strong-stronger-strongest
lucky-luckier-luckiest
interesting-moreinteresting-most interesting
difficult-more difficult-most difficult
expensive-more expensive-most expensive
形貌詞比力級的用法
1. 兩者比力時用形貌詞比力級,其布局為“... 比力級 + than ...”。如:Actions speak louder than words.
2. 在兩者之間選擇“哪一個更……”時,用句型“Which / Who is +比力級, ... or ...?”。如:Which sweater is cheaper, the red one or the yellow one?
3. 表現“兩者之間最……的一個”時,用“the + 比力級”。如:Lucy is the taller of the twins.
4. 表現“越……,越……”時,用“the + 比力級,the + 比力級”。如:The more you eat, the fatter you will become.
5. 表現“越來越……”時,用“比力級 + and + 比力級”,多音節詞和局部雙音節詞用“more and more + 形貌詞原級”。如:We should make our country more and more beautiful.
6. 形貌詞比力級前可以用下列詞修飾:much, a little, far, a bit, a few, a lot, even, still, rather等。如:It's much colder today than yesterday.
形貌詞最高等的用法
1. 三者或三者以上的人或物舉行比力時,用形貌詞最高等情勢。形貌詞最高等前通常需加定冠詞the,句末常接in / of短語來表樹模圍。如:He is the strongest of all the boys.
2. 表現“最……之一”時,用“one of + the + 最高等”。如:The light bulb is one of the most helpful inventions.
3. 形貌詞最高等前可以由物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞一切格等修飾,此時不一定冠詞the。如:Yesterday is her happiest day in her life
修飾語
1. 比力級的修飾語
Much(……得多),far(……得多),even(乃至,更),still(更),a bit(有點),a little(有點),a lot(很), a great deal(大大地), twice(兩倍), five times(五倍), two-fifths(五分之二), a half(一半)等修飾比力級表現水平,但決不成用very修飾。
eg. Tom is a little taller than Mike. Tom比Mike稍高一點;
It is even colder today than yesterday. 今天乃至比昨天更冷
2.最高等的修飾語
By far/ far and away 最,很 much ……得多 almost 幾乎 nearly 幾乎
別的,second, third, next 等也要放在定冠詞之后。如:
The Yellow River is the second longest in China.
黃河是中國的第二大河。
This is the third largest building in this city.
這是這個都市里第三大的修建物。
The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.
黃河是中國第二長河。
This is (by) far the best book that I've ever read.
這是我讀過的最好的書。
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