???從頂刊學寫Introduction

知乎上有一個帖子很火，說的是一個博士口試了很多單位，最初總結出來SCI論文仍然很緊張。但是當我們選擇讀博和科研路途的時分，我們就是面臨著“公布照舊死亡”的靈魂拷問。尤其是SCI論文要文中最開頭的Introduction更是讓廣輕重伙伴犯難？今天筆者就和各位分享一下怎樣從頂刊來學習寫作introduction。

寫作Introduction之前，我們起首必要了解好的Introduction應該有哪些緊張局部：

①下一個有目共睹的“鉤子”，便于吸引審稿人和讀者的注意；

②緊張的背景信息，體現本人的研討在本事域的緊張性；

③一個可證實和具體的報告，本人論文研討的具體成績，或怎樣處理改良了某些事變。

我們來看Nature Chemistry中的一個例子，它的標題是Long-range ordered and atomic-scale control of graphene hybridization by photocycloaddition （Nat. Chem. 12, 1035–1041 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-020-0540-2）

圖源：Nat. Chem. 12, 1035–1041 (2020)

從這篇文章的標題和它的TOC我們就能曉得它的研討內容是：石墨烯+可控+ photocycloaddition。讓我們思索一下，假如是我們本人寫這個研討內容的論文，我們該怎樣來寫Introduction？

起首一定和石墨烯干系，其次是石墨烯的官能化可控性的緊張性，photocycloaddition的意義（為什么選擇這個反響而不是其他的）。

我們來看作者是怎樣舉行第一步“下鉤子”的：

Since its isolation as a two-dimensional (2D) system, graphene has been widely acclaimed due to its extraordinary physical and chemical properties, showing great promise for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices1,2,3. However, graphene’s zero bandgap limits its use as an active layer in electronic devices. To pave the way towards practical applications, the functionalization of graphene has been a topic of much interest4. A broad variety of functionalization approaches have been developed, such as ... Controllable and precise functionalization of graphene remains a major challenge, despite considerable progress.

作者起首在第一句話引出所研討的質料石墨烯，借著用一個如今存在的成績（However, graphene’s zero bandgap limits）當鉤子，引出the functionalization of graphene和XXX remains a major challenge, despite considerable progress的緊張性和意義。

鉤子尋常的使用辦法就是先分析一個東西是何等的有使用出息，何等的精良，然后再提出如今所存在的成績，而這個成績恰好就是本人文章所處理的成績（這個十分緊張，不然你寫的introduction和你的論文約莫一點干系都沒有，直接會被拒掉的哦）。

接下去作者開頭先容緊張背景：

Cycloaddition has been demonstrated to be an effective path for introducing sp3 hybridization and thereby functionalizing graphene26,27,28. … Even if the reactions were induced, they occur randomly4 or strongly depend on the graphene Moiré pattern formed on specific substrates30,31, and it is difficult to exclude the disturbance from solvent and impurities for the reactions occurred in solution. So far it has not been possible to realize chemical reactions of graphene with molecular networks or to achieve 2D order of reaction sites with atomic/molecular precision. Superior to the reactions that require long soaking, heating, electric pulse or probe tip press, the merits of photocycloaddition—such as simplicity, remote controllability and compatibility with other photorelated techniques—have been recognized; nevertheless, photocycloaddition of graphene has been scarcely reported, with only precedent in aqueous solution32.

緊張背景包含Cycloaddition（由于作者研討的photocycloaddition就是環加成的一種）的現狀，然后是存在的成績they occur randomly4 or strongly depend on…。接著作者總結了這個研討范疇的后果So far it has not been possible to…。最初作者再次引領讀者眷注本人的研討內容photocycloaddition的現狀, photocycloaddition of graphene has been scarcely reported。

最初論述本人論文研討的具體成績：

Here we report an in situ photocycloaddition reaction of an extended molecular network placed on a single-layer defect-free pristine graphene sheet in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), … and confirmed by ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. … The reaction is triggered by ultraviolet irradiation at room temperature, with the reaction sites being spatially selective and arranged in 2D long-range order.

Here we report是introduction常用的開頭，接著突出本人的緊張研討辦法，好比這里是實行+盤算（density functional theory (DFT) calculations）。最初標明本人的緊張后果/結論spatially selective and arranged in 2D long-range order，與前兩局部所提出的成績完善契合。

如此一篇出色的introduction就完成了，分紅三步，墨守成規。記得鉤子要吸引人，背景要詳確卻不贅述，結論/后果的報告對應本人所提出的現狀成績哦。