英語語法精講(第14節):直接引語和間接引語

時間:2023-10-11 00:29:49 閱讀:10

英語語法精講(第14節):直接引語和直接引語

直接引語和直接引語 Direct & Indirect Speech

當引用或轉述他人說的話時,一字不改地將他人的話加以引用,叫直接引語;用本人的話去轉述他人的話,叫直接引語。尋常來講,直接引語必需放在引號內;直接引語不必引號,并且多用賓語從句的情勢表達。

比如: She said, “I was ill yesterday.” (直接引語)

她說:“我昨天抱病了?!?/p>

She said that she had been ill the day before. (直接引語)

她說她前一天抱病了。

由以上例句可以看出,直接引語變為直接引語時,不僅要把直接引語變為賓語從句,增長連詞that,并且還需相應地改動代詞、動詞和狀語。如 I 變成了she,was變成 had been,yesterday 變成 the day before。

一、人稱厘革

人稱厘革可以依照如下口訣:“一主,二賓,三安定”。

“一主”是指在直接引語變直接引語時,假如從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾,從句中的人稱要依照主句中主語的人稱厘革。

比如:She said,“My brother wants to go with me.”

她說:“我兄弟要與我一同去?!?/p>

She said her brother wanted to go with her.

她說她哥哥(弟弟)要與她一同去。

“二賓”是指直接引語變直接引語時,假如從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱,或被第二人“你”所修飾,從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一律。假如引號外的主句沒有賓語,也可以用第一人稱。

比如:He said to Kate,“How is your sister now?”

他對凱特說,“你姐姐(妹妹)如今怎樣樣?”

He asked Kate how her sister was then.

他扣問凱特事先她姐姐(妹妹)怎樣樣。

“三安定”是指直接引語變直接引語時,假如從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾,從句中的人稱尋常不必要厘革。

比如:Mr. Smith said,“Jack is a good worker.”

史密斯教師說,“杰克是一位好工人。”

Mr. Smith said Jack was a good worker.

史密斯教師說,杰克是一位好工人。

二、時態厘革

直接引語在改為直接引語時,時態必要做相應的厘革。其基本端正是從句時態要和主句時態一律。即:從句是尋常如今時,變為尋常已往時;尋常已往時,變為已往完成時;尋常將來時,變為已往將來時。即,從句的時態在時間上要往前方“推”一個時態。

比如:She said,“I have lost a pen.”

她說,“我丟了一支鋼筆?!?/p>

She said she had lost a pen. (如今完成時 → 已往完成時)

她說她丟了一支鋼筆。

She said,“We hope so.”

她說,“我們渴望云云。”

She said they hoped so. (尋常如今時 → 尋常已往時)

她說他們渴望云云。

She said, “He will go to see his friend.”

她說,“他將去見他的伙伴?!?/p>

She said he would go to see his friend. (尋常將來時 → 已往將來時)

她說他將去見他的伙伴。

注意:底下幾種情況,在直接引語變為直接引語時,時態尋常安定化。

(1)直接引語是客觀真理

比如:“The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth,”the teacher told me.

教師報告我:“地球繞著太陽轉,玉輪繞著地球轉。”

The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth.

教師報告我,地球繞著太陽轉,玉輪繞著地球轉。

(2)直接引語是已往舉行時,時態安定

比如:Jack said, “John, where were you going when I met you in the street?”

杰克說,“約翰,我在街上見到你時,你是去哪兒?”

Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street.

杰克問約翰,他在街上見到他時他是去哪兒.

(3)直接引語中有具體的已往某年、某月、某日作狀語,變為直接引語時,時態安定。

比如:Xiao Wang said,“I was born on April 20, 1980.”

小王說,“我出生于1980年4月20日?!?/p>

Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980.

小王說他出生于1980年4月20日。

(4)直接引語假如是尋常如今時,表現反復顯現或習氣性的舉措,變直接引語,時態安定。

比如:He said, “I get up at six every morning.”

他說,“我天天早上6點起床。”

He said he gets up at six every morning.

他說他天天早上6點起床。

(5)假如直接引語中的模樣形狀動詞沒有已往時的情勢(ought to,had better,used to)和以前是已往時的情勢時(could, should, would, might),不再厘革。

比如:Peter said,“You had better come here today.”

皮特說,“你最好今天來這兒。”

Peter said I had better go there that day.

皮特說我最好那天去那兒。

三、別的厘革

直接引語變直接引語,具有指代性的詞也必要厘革,一些具體厘革如下:

指示代詞: this —that, these —those

表現時間的詞: now —then, today —that day, yesterday —the day before

the day before yesterday — two days before

this week(month, etc.) —that week (month, etc.) ,

last week(month) —the week(month) before ,

three days(a year)ago —three days(a year)before,

tomorrow —the next (following ) day,

next week(month) —the next(following)week(month)

表現地點的詞: here —there,

動詞: bring —take, come —go

四、句型

1)直接引語假如是報告句,直接引語應改為由that引導的賓語從句。

比如:She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”

她說,“我們的公交車將在5分鐘后抵達?!?/p>

She said that their bus would arrive in five minutes.

她說他們的公交車將在5分鐘后抵達。

2)直接引語假如是反意疑問句,選擇疑問句或尋常疑問句,直接引語應改為由whether或if引導的賓語從句。

比如: He said, “Can you swim, John?”

她說,“約翰,你會游泳嗎?”

He asked John if he could swim.

他問約翰他對否會游泳。

“You have finished the homework, haven't you?”my mother asked.

“你以前完成作業了,是嗎?”媽媽問。

My mother asked me whether I had finished the homework.

媽媽問我對否以前完成了作業。

“Do you go to school by bus or by bike?”

“你上學是乘公交車照舊騎自行車?”

He asked me if I went to school by bus or by bike.

他問我上學是乘公交車照舊騎自行車。

(3)直接引語假如是特別問句,直接引語應該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導的賓語從句(賓語從句必需用報告句語序)。

比如:She asked me, “When do they have their dinner?”

她問我,“他們什么時分吃晚飯?”

She asked me when they had their dinner.

她問我他們什么時分吃晚飯。

(4) 直接引語假如是祈使句,直接引語應改為 “tell (ask, order, beg等) sb. (not) to do sth.”句型。

比如:“Don't make any noise,”she said to the children.

“別發射雜音,”她對孩子們說。

She told (ordered) the children not to make any noise.

他報告(下令)孩子們不要發射雜音。

“Bring me a cup of tea, please,”said she.

“請給我拿一杯茶,”她說。

She asked him to bring her a cup of tea.

她讓他拿一杯茶。

(5)直接引語假如是以“Let's”開頭的祈使句,變為直接引語時,

通常用“suggest + 動名詞(或從句)?!?/strong>

比如: He said, “Let's go to the film.”

他說,“我們去看影戲吧。”

He suggested going to the film.

他發起去看影戲。

He suggested that they should go to see the film.

他發起他們去看影戲。

(下期預告:模樣形狀動詞。 更多英語學習內容,敬請持續眷注“友勝講堂”)

版權聲明:本文來自互聯網整理發布,如有侵權,聯系刪除

原文鏈接:http://www.freetextsend.comhttp://www.freetextsend.com/shenghuojineng/37510.html


Copyright ? 2021-2022 All Rights Reserved 備案編號:閩ICP備2023009674號 網站地圖 聯系:dhh0407@outlook.com

www.成人网