在定語從句中,干系代詞who (whom) 和that都可指人和物,在尋常情況下,可以互換使用,但本人列情況下值得注意:
一、用who (whom) 而不必that的情況
(1) 在非限定性定語從句中的先行詞指人時,只能用who (whom)。
如:
My sister, who is studying abroad, sent me a beautiful present just before this Christmas. 我姐姐,她在外洋學習,就在圣誕節前給我寄來了標致的禮品。
(2) 當定語從句對指人的先行詞舉行隔位修飾時,只能用who (whom)。
如:
Do you know the girl in front of the blackboard who is speaking to the students? 你熟悉黑板前方正在給學生們發言的那位女孩子嗎?
(3) 搶先行詞為people和those時,只能用who (whom)。
如:
Those who want to go there come here please. 那些想去那兒的人請來這邊。
(4) 搶先行詞為one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all(指人) 時,只能用who (whom)。
如:
Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對我們的人就是我們的仇人。
(5) 先行詞指人,而干系代詞在從句中作主語時,尋常多用who。
如:
The man who came here yesterday said he would come again in a few days. 昨天來這兒的那一局部辯過幾天他會再來。
(6) 在there be句型中名詞的定語從句多用who (whom)。
如:
There are students in our class who / whom you have met. 我們班有些學生你見過。
(7) 當句子中有兩個指人的現行詞分散帶有兩個定語從句時,若一個定語從句的引導詞為that, 那么,另一個定語從句的引導詞一定為who。
如:
The boy that you met just now is Li Ming’s brother who just graduated from a university. 剛剛你會到的誰人男孩是李明的剛從大學畢業的弟弟。
二、用that 而不必who (whom)的情況
(1) 搶先行詞前方有質貌詞的最高等或序數詞修飾時,引導詞只能用that。
如:
The tallest player that plays football for our team is from Shandong. 在為我們隊踢足球的最高哪個運倡導來自山東。
(2) 搶先行詞前方有only, some, any, no, every, little, few, much, all, very形貌詞修飾時,引導詞只能用that。如:
He is the only student that said “no” to the teacher. 他是唯一的一個對教師說“不”的學生
(3) 當主句是以who開頭的特別疑問句時,引導詞只能用that。
如:
Who is woman that you talked with just now? 剛剛跟你發言的那位婦女是誰?
(4) the same as 與 the same that
the same as所引導定語從句的內容與先行詞同類而不同物;the same that表現所引導的從句內容與先行詞同類同物,即:同一事物。
如:
She is wearing the same coat that I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著我幾天前所喪失的上衣。(暗含:她偷了我的上衣)
She is wearing the same coat as I lost a few days ago. 她正穿著跟我幾天前所喪失的上衣相反的上衣。(暗含:她所穿的上衣不是我所喪失的那一件)
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